Prediabetes is a condition where blood glucose levels are elevated compared to the normal range; however, they are not high enough to satisfy a Type 2 Diabetes diagnosis. If it is left untreated, prediabetes increases the risk of the person developing Type 2 Diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. The good news is that changes in lifestyle, such as managing food choices and increasing physical activity, can return blood glucose levels to the normal range.
Risk Factors:
No direct cause has been determined for the development of prediabetes, but excess body fat and inactivity have been found to be two key factors. People with a higher risk of developing prediabetes have some or all of the following characteristics:
- Forty-five years old or older
- Overweight or obese body mass index (BMI)
- Have an immediate family member with diabetes
- Not physically active
- Have a history of gestational diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol
Prediabetes Diagnosis:
The body may be producing less insulin, insulin sensitivity may be decreasing, or a combination of both. Insulin is a hormone that is needed for glucose to enter cells, thus regulating glucose levels in the blood. Elevated blood glucose levels in the long-term put a person at risk for developing effects associated with diabetes, such as blindness, damage to nerves and kidneys, and circulatory system problems.
Prediabetes Management:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Diabetes Prevention Program has programs to help people reverse prediabetes and prevent Type 2 Diabetes. People with prediabetes can also participate in regular physical activity, lose weight if BMI indicates overweight or obesity classifications, and work with a registered dietitian nutritionist to help develop long-term healthy habits.
Healthy Meal Plan:
Especially when treating prediabetes, be sure to pay attention to the timing of meals and types of carbohydrates being eaten since glucose is in carbohydrates. Try to regularly include the following food groups into your diet: grains, vegetables, protein, dairy, fruits. Contact a registered dietitian nutritionist for individualized meal planning tips.
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